XMU(3) Library Functions Manual XMU(3)

xmu — Xmu and Xmuu Library API Reference

“Don't ask.”

The Xmu Library is a collection of miscellaneous (some might say random) utility functions that have been useful in building various applications and widgets. This library is required by the Athena Widgets.

Starting in XFree86 4.1.0, and incorporated into X11R6.7 and later releases, a subset of the functions that do not rely on the Athena Widgets (libXaw) or X Toolkit Instrinsics (libXt) are provided in a second library, libXmuu.

Programs using either of these libraries are encouraged to determine the correct compiler and linker options via the ‘xmu’ or ‘xmuu’ module names for pkg-config, such as:

cc -c xapplication.c `pkg-config --cflags xmu`
cc -o xapplication xapplication.o `pkg-config --libs xmu`

To use the functions and macros defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/Atoms.h> and link against the libXmu library.

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These macros take a display as argument and return an Atom. The name of the atom is obtained from the macro name by removing the leading characters “‘XA_”’. The Atom value is cached, such that subsequent requests do not cause another round-trip to the server.

AtomPtr (const char * name);

name
specifies the atom name

This function creates and initializes an opaque object, an AtomPtr, for an Atom with the given name. XmuInternAtom can be used to cache the Atom value for one or more displays.

char (AtomPtr atom_ptr);

atom_ptr
specifies the AtomPtr

The function returns the name of an AtomPtr.

Atom (Display * dpy, AtomPtr atom_ptr);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
atom_ptr
specifies the AtomPtr

This function returns the Atom for an AtomPtr. The Atom is cached, such that subsequent requests do not cause another round-trip to the server.

char (Display * dpy, Atom atom);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
atom
specifies the atom whose name is desired

This function returns the name of an Atom. The result is cached, such that subsequent requests do not cause another round-trip to the server.

void (Display * dpy, String * names, Cardinal count, Atom * atoms);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
names
specifies the strings to intern
count
specifies the number of strings
atoms
returns the list of Atom values

This function converts a list of atom names into Atom values. The results are cached, such that subsequent requests do not cause further round-trips to the server. The caller is responsible for preallocating the array pointed at by atoms.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/Error.h> and link against the libXmu or libXmuu library.

int (Display * dpy, XErrorEvent * event, FILE * fp);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
event
specifies the error
fp
specifies where to print the error message

This function prints an error message, equivalent to Xlib's default error message for protocol errors. It returns a non-zero value if the caller should consider exiting, otherwise it returns 0. This function can be used when you need to write your own error handler, but need to print out an error from within that handler.

int (Display * dpy, XErrorEvent * errorp);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
errorp
specifies the error

This function ignores errors for BadWindow errors for XQueryTree (XQueryTree) and XGetWindowAttributes (XGetWindowAttributes), and ignores BadDrawable errors for XGetGeometry (XGetGeometry); it returns 0 in those cases. Otherwise, it prints the default error message, and returns a non-zero value if the caller should consider exiting, and 0 if the caller should not exit.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/SysUtil.h> and link against the libXmu or libXmuu library.

int (char * buf, int maxlen);

buf
returns the host name
maxlen
specifies the length of buf

This function stores the null terminated name of the local host in buf, and returns length of the name. This function hides operating system differences, such as whether to call () or ().

int (char * str, int size, ...);

str
string to write output to
size
specifies the size of str

This function was provided as a portable implementation of () before all platforms could be relied on to provide their own. It is now deprecated in favor of calling snprintf() directly and should only be used in software that needs to continue to support non-Unix98 compliant platforms.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/WinUtil.h> . To use XmuClientWindow(), you may link against either the libXmu or libXmuu libraries. The other functions in this section require linking against the libXmu library.

Screen (Display * dpy, Window w);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
w
specifies the window

This function returns the Screen on which the specified window was created.

Window (Display * dpy, Window win);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
win
specifies the window

This function finds a window, at or below the specified window, which has a WM_STATE property. If such a window is found, it is returned, otherwise the argument window is returned.

Bool (Display * dpy, Window w, XSizeHints * hints);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
win
specifies the window
hints
specifies the new hints, or NULL

This function clears the PPosition and PSize flags and sets the USPosition and USSize flags in the hints structure, and then stores the hints for the window using XSetWMNormalHints (XSetWMNormalHints) and returns True. If NULL is passed for the hints structure, then the current hints are read back from the window using XGetWMNormalHints (XGetWMNormalHints) and are used instead, and True is returned; otherwise False is returned.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/CurUtil.h> and link against the libXmu or libXmuu library.

int (const char * name);

name
specifies the name of the cursor

This function takes the name of a standard cursor and returns its index in the standard cursor font. The cursor names are formed by removing the “‘XC_”’ prefix from the cursor defines listed in Appendix B of the Xlib manual.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/Drawing.h> and link against the libXmu library.

void (Display * dpy, Drawable draw, GC gc, int x, int y, int w, int h, int ew, int eh);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
draw
specifies the drawable
gc
specifies the GC
x
specifies the upper left x coordinate
y
specifies the upper left y coordinate
w
specifies the rectangle width
h
specifies the rectangle height
ew
specifies the corner width
eh
specifies the corner height

This function draws a rounded rectangle, where x, y, w, h are the dimensions of the overall rectangle, and ew and eh are the sizes of a bounding box that the corners are drawn inside of; ew should be no more than half of w, and eh should be no more than half of h. The current GC line attributes control all attributes of the line.

void (Display * dpy, Drawable draw, GC gc, int x, int y, int w, int h, int ew, int eh);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
draw
specifies the drawable
gc
specifies the GC
x
specifies the upper left x coordinate
y
specifies the upper left y coordinate
w
specifies the rectangle width
h
specifies the rectangle height
ew
specifies the corner width
eh
specifies the corner height

This function draws a filled rounded rectangle, where x, y, w, h are the dimensions of the overall rectangle, and ew and eh are the sizes of a bounding box that the corners are drawn inside of; ew should be no more than half of w, and eh should be no more than half of h. The current GC fill settings control all attributes of the fill contents.

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
drawable
specifies the drawable
gcFore
specifies the foreground GC
gcBack
specifies the background GC
x
specifies the upper left x coordinate
y
specifies the upper left y coordinate
width
specifies the logo width
height
specifies the logo height

This function draws the “official” X Window System logo (xlogo). The bounding box of the logo in the drawable is given by x, y, width, and height. The logo itself is filled using gcFore, and the rest of the rectangle is filled using gcBack.

[image: xlogo.svg]

Pixmap (Screen * screen, Pixel fore, Pixel back, unsigned int depth);

screen
specifies the screen the pixmap is created on
fore
specifies the foreground pixel value
back
specifies the background pixel value
depth
specifies the depth of the pixmap

This function creates a two pixel by one pixel stippled pixmap of specified depth on the specified screen. The pixmap is cached so that multiple requests share the same pixmap. The pixmap should be freed with () to maintain correct reference counts.

void (Screen * screen, Pixmap pixmap);

screen
specifies the screen the pixmap was created on
pixmap
specifies the pixmap to free

This function frees a pixmap created with ().

int (FILE * fstream, unsigned int * width, unsigned int * height, unsigned char ** datap, int * x_hot, int * y_hot);

fstream
specifies the stream to read from
width
returns the width of the bitmap
height
returns the height of the bitmap
datap
returns the parsed bitmap data
x_hot
returns the x coordinate of the hotspot
y_hot
returns the y coordinate of the hotspot

This function reads a standard bitmap file description from the specified stream, and returns the parsed data in a format suitable for passing to XCreateBitmapFromData (XCreateBitmapFromData). The return value of the function has the same interpretation as the return value for XReadBitmapFile (XReadBitmapFile).

int (const char * filename, unsigned int * width, unsigned int * height, unsigned char ** datap, int * x_hot, int * y_hot);

fstream
specifies the file to read from
width
returns the width of the bitmap
height
returns the height of the bitmap
datap
returns the parsed bitmap data
x_hot
returns the x coordinate of the hotspot
y_hot
returns the y coordinate of the hotspot

This function reads a standard bitmap file description from the specified file, and returns the parsed data in a format suitable for passing to XCreateBitmapFromData (XCreateBitmapFromData). The return value of the function has the same interpretation as the return value for XReadBitmapFile (XReadBitmapFile).

Pixmap (Screen * screen, const char * name, char * srcname, int srcnamelen, int * widthp, int * heightp, int * xhotp, int * yhotp);

screen
specifies the screen the pixmap is created on
name
specifies the file to read from
srcname
returns the full filename of the bitmap
srcnamelen
specifies the length of the srcname buffer
width
returns the width of the bitmap
height
returns the height of the bitmap
xhotp
returns the x coordinate of the hotspot
yhotp
returns the y coordinate of the hotspot

This function reads a file in standard bitmap file format, using XReadBitmapFile (XReadBitmapFile), and returns the created bitmap. The filename may be absolute, or relative to the global resource named with class BitmapFilePath. If the resource is not defined, the default value is the build symbol BITMAPDIR, which is typically "/usr/include/X11/bitmaps". If srcnamelen is greater than zero and srcname is not NULL, the null terminated filename will be copied into srcname. The size and hotspot of the bitmap are also returned.

Pixmap (Display * dpy, Drawable d, Pixmap bitmap, unsigned int width, unsigned int height, unsigned int depth, unsigned long fore, unsigned long back);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
screen
specifies the screen the pixmap is created on
bitmap
specifies the bitmap source
width
specifies the width of the pixmap
height
specifies the height of the pixmap
depth
specifies the depth of the pixmap
fore
specifies the foreground pixel value
back
specifies the background pixel value

This function creates a pixmap of the specified width, height, and depth, on the same screen as the specified drawable, and then performs an XCopyPlane (XCopyPlane) from the specified bitmap to the pixmap, using the specified foreground and background pixel values. The created pixmap is returned.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/StdSel.h> and link against the libXmu library.

Boolean (Widget w, Time time, Atom * selection, Atom * target, Atom * type, XPointer value, unsigned long * length, int * format);

w
specifies the widget which currently owns the selection
time
specifies the time at which the selection was established
selection
this argument is ignored
target
specifies the target type of the selection
type
returns the property type of the converted value
value
returns the converted value
length
returns the number of elements in the converted value
format
returns the size in bits of the elements

This function converts the following standard selections: CLASS, CLIENT_WINDOW, DECNET_ADDRESS, HOSTNAME, IP_ADDRESS, NAME, OWNER_OS, TARGETS, TIMESTAMP, and USER. It returns True if the conversion was successful, else it returns False.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/Converters.h> and link against the libXmu library.

void (XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal);

args
this argument is ignored
num_args
this argument is ignored
fromVal
the function to convert
toVal
the place to store the converted value

This function converts a callback procedure to a callback list containing that procedure, with NULL closure data. To use this converter, include the following in your widget's ClassInitialize procedure:

XtAddConverter(XtRCallProc, XtRCallback, XmuCvtFunctionToCallback, NULL, 0);

void (XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal);

args
this argument is ignored
num_args
this argument must be a pointer to a Cardinal containing the value 0
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value

This function converts a string to a backing-store integer as defined in <X11/X.h>. The string "notUseful" converts to NotUseful, "whenMapped" converts to WhenMapped, and "always" converts to Always. The string "default" converts to the value Always + WhenMapped + NotUseful. The case of the string does not matter. To use this converter, include the following in your widget's ClassInitialize procedure:

XtAddConverter(XtRString, XtRBackingStore, XmuCvtStringToBackingStore, NULL, 0);

void (XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal);

args
the sole argument specifies the Screen on which to create the bitmap
num_args
must be the value 1
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value

This function creates a bitmap (a Pixmap of depth one) suitable for window manager icons. The string argument is the name of a file in standard bitmap file format. For the possible filename specifications, see () (XmuLocateBitmapFile). To use this converter, include the following in your widget's ClassInitialize procedure:

static XtConvertArgRec screenConvertArg[] = {
  {XtBaseOffset, (XtPointer)XtOffset(Widget, core.screen), sizeof(Screen *)}
};
XtAddConverter(XtRString, XtRBitmap, XmuCvtStringToBitmap,
		 screenConvertArg, XtNumber(screenConvertArg));

Boolean (Display * dpy, XrmValuePtr args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal, XtPointer * data);

dpy
specifies the display to use for conversion warnings
args
specifies the required conversion arguments
num_args
specifies the number of required conversion arguments, which is 4
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value
data
this argument is ignored

This function converts a string to a Cursor with the foreground and background pixels specified by the conversion arguments. The string can either be a standard cursor name formed by removing the ‘“XC_”’ prefix from any of the cursor defines listed in Appendix B of the Xlib Manual, a font name and glyph index in decimal of the form "FONT fontname index [[font] index]", or a bitmap filename acceptable to () (XmuLocateBitmapFile). To use this converter, include the following in the widget ClassInitialize procedure:

static XtConvertArgRec colorCursorConvertArgs[] = {
  {XtWidgetBaseOffset, (XtPointer) XtOffsetOf(WidgetRec, core.screen),
   sizeof(Screen *)},
  {XtResourceString, (XtPointer) XtNpointerColor, sizeof(Pixel)},
  {XtResourceString, (XtPointer) XtNpointerColorBackground, sizeof(Pixel)},
  {XtWidgetBaseOffset, (XtPointer) XtOffsetOf(WidgetRec, core.colormap),
   sizeof(Colormap)}
};
XtSetTypeConverter(XtRString, XtRColorCursor, XmuCvtStringToColorCursor,
		 colorCursorConvertArgs, XtNumber(colorCursorConvertArgs),
                 XtCacheByDisplay, NULL);

The widget must recognize XtNpointerColor and XtNpointerColorBackground as resources, or specify other appropriate foreground and background resources. The widget's Realize and SetValues methods must cause the converter to be invoked with the appropriate arguments when one of the foreground, background, or cursor resources has changed, or when the window is created, and must assign the cursor to the window of the widget.

void (XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal);

args
specifies the required conversion argument, the screen
num_args
specifies the number of required conversion arguments, which is 1
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value

This function converts a string to a Cursor. The string can either be a standard cursor name formed by removing the ‘“XC_”’ prefix from any of the cursor defines listed in Appendix B of the Xlib Manual, a font name and glyph index in decimal of the form "FONT fontname index [[font] index]", or a bitmap filename acceptable to () (XmuLocateBitmapFile). To use this converter, include the following in your widget's ClassInitialize procedure:

static XtConvertArgRec screenConvertArg[] = {
  {XtBaseOffset, (XtPointer)XtOffsetOf(WidgetRec, core.screen), sizeof(Screen *)}
};
XtAddConverter(XtRString, XtRCursor, XmuCvtStringToCursor,
		 screenConvertArg, XtNumber(screenConvertArg));

void (XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal);

args
this argument is ignored
num_args
this argument must be a pointer to a Cardinal containing the value 0
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value

This function converts a string to an XtGravity enumeration value. The string "forget" and a NULL value convert to ForgetGravity, "NorthWestGravity" converts to NorthWestGravity, the strings "NorthGravity" and "top" convert to NorthGravity, "NorthEastGravity" converts to NorthEastGravity, the strings "West" and "left" convert to WestGravity, "CenterGravity" converts to CenterGravity, "EastGravity" and "right" convert to EastGravity, "SouthWestGravity" converts to SouthWestGravity, "SouthGravity" and "bottom" convert to SouthGravity, "SouthEastGravity" converts to SouthEastGravity, "StaticGravity" converts to StaticGravity, and "UnmapGravity" converts to UnmapGravity. The case of the string does not matter. To use this converter, include the following in your widget's class initialize procedure:

XtAddConverter(XtRString, XtRGravity, XmuCvtStringToGravity, NULL, 0);

void (XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal);

args
this argument is ignored
num_args
this argument is ignored
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value

This function converts a string to an XtJustify enumeration value. The string "left" converts to XtJustifyLeft, "center" converts to XtJustifyCenter, and "right" converts to XtJustifyRight. The case of the string does not matter. To use this converter, include the following in your widget's ClassInitialize procedure:

XtAddConverter(XtRString, XtRJustify, XmuCvtStringToJustify, NULL, 0);

void (XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal);

args
this argument is ignored
num_args
this argument must be a pointer to a Cardinal containing 0
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value

This function converts a string to an integer of type long. It parses the string using () with a format of "%ld". To use this converter, include the following in your widget's ClassInitialize procedure:

XtAddConverter(XtRString, XtRLong, XmuCvtStringToLong, NULL, 0);

void (XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal);

args
this argument is ignored
num_args
this argument is ignored
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value

This function converts a string to an XtOrientation enumeration value. The string "horizontal" converts to XtorientHorizontal and "vertical" converts to XtorientVertical. The case of the string does not matter. To use this converter, include the following in your widget's ClassInitialize procedure:

XtAddConverter(XtRString, XtROrientation, XmuCvtStringToOrientation, NULL, 0);

Boolean (Display * dpy, XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal, XtPointer * data);

dpy
the display to use for conversion warnings
args
this argument is ignored
num_args
this argument is ignored
fromVal
the value to convert from
toVal
the place to store the converted value
data
this argument is ignored

This function converts a string to an integer shape style. The string "rectangle" converts to XmuShapeRectangle, "oval" converts to XmuShapeOval, "ellipse" converts to XmuShapeEllipse, and "roundedRectangle" converts to XmuShapeRoundedRectangle. The case of the string does not matter. To use this converter, include the following in your widget's ClassInitialize procedure:

XtSetTypeConverter(XtRString, XtRShapeStyle, XmuCvtStringToShapeStyle,
		     NULL, 0, XtCacheNone, NULL);

Boolean (Widget w, int shape_style, int corner_width, int corner_height);

w
specifies the widget to reshape
shape_style
specifies the new shape
corner_width
specifies the width of the rounded rectangle corner
corner_height
specified the height of the rounded rectangle corner

This function reshapes the specified widget, using the Shape extension, to a rectangle, oval, ellipse, or rounded rectangle, as specified by shape_style ( XmuShapeRectangle, XmuShapeOval, XmuShapeEllipse, and XmuShapeRoundedRectangle, respectively). The shape is bounded by the outside edges of the rectangular extents of the widget. If the shape is a rounded rectangle, corner_width and corner_height specify the size of the bounding box that the corners are drawn inside of (see () (XmuFillRoundedRectangle)); otherwise, corner_width and corner_height are ignored. The origin of the widget within its parent remains unchanged.

void (XrmValue * args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal);

args
the sole argument is the parent Widget
num_args
this argument must be 1
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value

This function converts a string to an immediate child widget of the parent widget passed as an argument. Note that this converter only works for child widgets that have already been created; there is no lazy evaluation. The string is first compared against the names of the normal and popup children, and if a match is found the corresponding child is returned. If no match is found, the string is compared against the classes of the normal and popup children, and if a match is found the corresponding child is returned. The case of the string is significant. To use this converter, include the following in your widget's ClassInitialize procedure:

static XtConvertArgRec parentCvtArg[] = {
  {XtBaseOffset, (XtPointer)XtOffset(Widget, core.parent), sizeof(Widget)},
};
XtAddConverter(XtRString, XtRWidget, XmuCvtStringToWidget,
		 parentCvtArg, XtNumber(parentCvtArg));

Boolean (Display * dpy, XrmValuePtr args, Cardinal * num_args, XrmValuePtr fromVal, XrmValuePtr toVal, XtPointer * data);

dpy
the display to use for conversion warnings
args
the sole argument is the parent Widget
num_args
this argument must be a pointer to a Cardinal containing the value 1
fromVal
specifies the string to convert
toVal
returns the converted value
data
this argument is ignored

This converter is identical in functionality to () (XmuCvtStringToWidget), except that it is a new-style converter, allowing the specification of a cache type at the time of registration. Most widgets will not cache the conversion results, as the application may dynamically create and destroy widgets, which would cause cached values to become illegal. To use this converter, include the following in the widget's class initialize procedure:

static XtConvertArgRec parentCvtArg[] = {
  {XtWidgetBaseOffset, (XtPointer)XtOffsetOf(WidgetRec, core.parent),
   sizeof(Widget)}
};
XtSetTypeConverter(XtRString, XtRWidget, XmuNewCvtStringToWidget,
		   parentCvtArg, XtNumber(parentCvtArg), XtCacheNone, NULL);

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/CharSet.h> and link against the libXmu or libXmuu library.

Warning

The functions in this section are deprecated because they don't work in most locales now supported by X11; most platforms provide alternatives in their system libraries.

void (char * dst, const char * src);

dst
returns the string copy
src
specifies the string to copy

This function copies a null terminated string from src to dst (including the null), changing all Latin-1 uppercase letters to lowercase. The string is assumed to be encoded using ISO 8859-1.

Note that like () the caller is responsible for ensuring the size of dst is at least as large as the size of src.

void (char * dst, const char * src, int size);

dst
returns the string copy
src
specifies the string to copy
size
maximum number of characters (including the null terminator) to write to dst

This function copies up to ‘size’ - 1 characters of a null terminated string from src to dst, and terminates it with a null, changing all Latin-1 uppercase letters to lowercase. The string is assumed to be encoded using ISO 8859-1.

void (char * dst, const char * src);

dst
returns the string copy
src
specifies the string to copy

This function copies a null terminated string from src to dst (including the null), changing all Latin-1 lowercase letters to uppercase. The string is assumed to be encoded using ISO 8859-1.

Note that like () the caller is responsible for ensuring the size of dst is at least as large as the size of src.

void (char * dst, const char * src, int size);

dst
returns the string copy
src
specifies the string to copy
size
maximum number of characters (including the null terminator) to write to dst

This function copies up to ‘size’ - 1 characters of a null terminated string from src to dst, and terminates it with a null, changing all Latin-1 lowercase letters to uppercase. The string is assumed to be encoded using ISO 8859-1.

int (const char * first, const char * second);

first
specifies a string to compare
second
specifies a string to compare

This function compares two null terminated Latin-1 strings, ignoring case differences, and returns an integer greater than, equal to, or less than 0, according to whether first is lexicographically greater than, equal to, or less than second. The two strings are assumed to be encoded using ISO 8859-1.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/Lookup.h> . and link against the libXmu library.

Warning

The functions in this section are deprecated because they don't work in most locales now supported by X11; the function XmbLookupString (XmbLookupString) provides a better alternative.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is identical to XLookupString (XLookupString), and exists only for naming symmetry with other functions.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to an Latin-2 (ISO 8859-2) string, or to an ASCII control string.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to an Latin-3 (ISO 8859-3) string, or to an ASCII control string.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to an Latin-4 (ISO 8859-4) string, or to an ASCII control string.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to a string in an encoding consisting of Latin-1 (ISO 8859-1) and ASCII control in the Graphics Left half (values 0 to 127), and Katakana in the Graphics Right half (values 128 to 255), using the values from JIS X201-1976.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to a string in the JIS X0201-1976 encoding, including ASCII control.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to a Latin/Arabic (ISO 8859-6) string, or to an ASCII control string.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to a Latin/Cyrillic (ISO 8859-5) string, or to an ASCII control string.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to a Latin/Greek (ISO 8859-7) string, or to an ASCII control string.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to a Latin/Hebrew (ISO 8859-8) string, or to an ASCII control string.

int (XKeyEvent * event, unsigned char * buffer, int nbytes, KeySym * keysym, XComposeStatus * status);

event
specifies the key event
buffer
returns the translated characters
nbytes
specifies the length of the buffer
keysym
returns the computed KeySym, or None
status
specifies or returns the compose state

This function is similar to XLookupString (XLookupString), except that it maps a key event to an APL string.

The functions defined in this section are for parsing Compound Text strings, decomposing them into individual segments. Definitions needed to use these routines are in the include file <X11/Xmu/Xct.h> and link against the libXmu library.

Warning

The functions in this section are deprecated because they shift the burden for recently introduced locale encodings to the application. The use of the UTF8_STRING text encoding provides a better alternative.

A Compound Text string is represented as the following type:

	typedef unsigned char *XctString;

XctData (const XctString string, int length, XctFlags flags);

string
the Compound Text string
length
the number of bytes in string
flags
parsing control flags

This function creates an XctData structure for parsing a Compound Text string. The string need not be null terminated. The following flags are defined to control parsing of the string:

This means that returned segments should contain characters from only one set (C0, C1, GL, GR). When this is requested, XctSegment is never returned by (), instead XctC0Segment, XctC1Segment, XctGlSegment, and XctGRSegment are returned. C0 and C1 segments are always returned as singleton characters.
This means that if the Compound Text string is from a higher version than this code is implemented to, then syntactically correct but unknown control sequences should be returned as XctExtension items by XctNextItem(). If this flag is not set, and the Compound Text string version indicates that extensions cannot be ignored, then each unknown control sequence will be reported as an XctError.
This means that if the Compound Text string is from a higher version than this code is implemented to, then unknown C0 characters should be treated as if they were legal, and returned as C0 characters (regardless of how XctProvideExtensions is set) by XctNextItem(). If this flag is not set, then all unknown C0 characters are treated according to XctProvideExtensions.
This means that if the Compound Text string is from a higher version than this code is implemented to, then unknown C1 characters should be treated as if they were legal, and returned as C1 characters (regardless of how XctProvideExtensions is set) by XctNextItem(). If this flag is not set, then all unknown C1 characters are treated according to XctProvideExtensions.
This means that horizontal direction changes should be reported as XctHorizontal items by XctNextItem(). If this flag is not set, then direction changes are not returned as items, but the current direction is still maintained and reported for other items. The current direction is given as an enumeration, with the values XctUnspecified, XctLeftToRight, and XctRightToLeft.
This means that XctFree() should free the Compound Text string that is passed to XctCreate(). If this flag is not set, the string is not freed.
This means that XctNextItem() should translate GR segments on-the-fly into GL segments for the GR sets: GB2312.1980-1, JISX0208.1983-1, and KSC5601.1987-1.

void (XctData data);

data
specifies the Compound Text structure

This function resets the XctData structure to reparse the Compound Text string from the beginning.

XctResult (XctData data);

data
specifies the Compound Text structure

This function parses the next “item” from the Compound Text string. The return value indicates what kind of item is returned. The item itself, its length, and the current contextual state, are reported as components of the XctData structure. XctResult is an enumeration, with the following values:

the item contains some mixture of C0, GL, GR, and C1 characters.
the item contains only C0 characters.
the item contains only GL characters.
the item contains only C1 characters.
the item contains only GR characters.
the item contains an extended segment.
the item is an unknown extension control sequence.
the item indicates a change in horizontal direction or depth. The new direction and depth are recorded in the XctData structure.
The end of the Compound Text string has been reached.
the string contains a syntactic or semantic error; no further parsing should be performed.

The following state values are stored in the XctData structure:

    XctString		item;		/* the action item */
    unsigned		item_length;	/* length of item in bytes */
    int			char_size;	/* the number of bytes per character in
					 * item, with zero meaning variable */
    char		*encoding;	/* the XLFD encoding name for item */
    XctHDirection	horizontal;	/* the direction of item */
    unsigned		horz_depth;	/* the current direction nesting depth */
    char		*GL;		/* the "{I} F" string for the current GL */
    char		*GL_encoding;	/* the XLFD encoding name for the current GL */
    int			GL_set_size;	/* 94 or 96 */
    int			GL_char_size;	/* the number of bytes per GL character */
    char		*GR;		/* the "{I} F" string for the current GR */
    char		*GR_encoding;	/* the XLFD encoding name for the current GR */
    int			GR_set_size;	/* 94 or 96 */
    int			GR_char_size;	/* number of bytes per GR character */
    char		*GLGR_encoding;	/* the XLFD encoding name for the current
					 *  GL+GR, if known */

void (XctData data);

data
specifies the Compound Text structure

This function frees all data associated with the XctData structure.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/CloseHook.h> and link against the libXmu library.

CloseHook (Display * dpy, int ( *func )(Display *, XPointer), XPointer arg);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
func
specifies the function to call at display close
arg
specifies arbitrary data to pass to func

This function adds a callback for the given display. When the display is closed, the given function will be called with the given display and argument as:

	(*func)(dpy, arg)

The function is declared to return an int even though the value is ignored, because some compilers used to have problems with functions returning void.

This routine returns NULL if it was unable to add the callback, otherwise it returns an opaque handle that can be used to remove or lookup the callback.

Bool (Display * dpy, CloseHook handle, int ( *func )(Display *, XPointer), XPointer arg);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
handle
specifies the callback by id, or NULL
()
specifies the callback by function
arg
specifies the function data to match

This function deletes a callback that has been added with (). If handle is not NULL, it specifies the callback to remove, and the func and arg parameters are ignored. If handle is NULL, the first callback found to match the specified func and arg will be removed. Returns True if a callback was removed, else returns False.

Bool (Display * dpy, CloseHook handle, int ( *func )(Display *, XPointer), XPointer arg);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
handle
specifies the callback by id, or NULL
()
specifies the callback by function
arg
specifies the function data to match

This function determines if a callback is installed. If handle is not NULL, it specifies the callback to look for, and the func and arg parameters are ignored. If handle is NULL, the function will look for any callback for the specified func and arg. Returns True if a matching callback exists, else returns False.

To use the functions and types defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/DisplayQue.h> and link against the libXmu library. DisplayQue.h defines the following types:

typedef int (*XmuCloseDisplayQueueProc)(XmuDisplayQueue *queue,
                                        XmuDisplayQueueEntry *entry);
typedef int (*XmuFreeDisplayQueueProc)(XmuDisplayQueue *queue);
typedef struct _XmuDisplayQueueEntry {
	struct _XmuDisplayQueueEntry *prev, *next;
	Display *display;
	CloseHook closehook;
	XPointer data;
} XmuDisplayQueueEntry;
typedef struct _XmuDisplayQueue {
	int nentries;
	XmuDisplayQueueEntry *head, *tail;
	XmuCloseDisplayQueueProc closefunc;
	XmuFreeDisplayQueueProc freefunc;
	XPointer data;
} XmuDisplayQueue;

XmuDisplayQueue (XmuCloseDisplayQueueProc closefunc, XmuFreeDisplayQueueProc freefunc, XPointer data);

closefunc
specifies the close function
freefunc
specifies the free function
data
specifies private data for the functions

This function creates and returns an empty XmuDisplayQueue (which is really just a set of displays, but is called a queue for historical reasons). The queue is initially empty, but displays can be added using (). The data value is simply stored in the queue for use by the closefunc and freefunc callbacks. Whenever a display in the queue is closed using XCloseDisplay(), the closefunc (if non-NULL) is called with the queue and the display's () as follows:

	(*closefunc)(queue, entry)

The freefunc (if non-NULL) is called whenever the last display in the queue is closed, as follows:

	(*freefunc)(queue)

The application is responsible for actually freeing the queue, by calling ().

XmuDisplayQueueEntry (XmuDisplayQueue * q, Display * dpy, XPointer data);

q
specifies the queue
dpy
specifies the display to add
data
specifies private data for the free function

This function adds the specified display to the queue. If successful, the queue entry is returned, otherwise NULL is returned. The data value is simply stored in the queue entry for use by the queue's freefunc callback. This function does not attempt to prevent duplicate entries in the queue; the caller should use () to determine if a display has already been added to a queue.

XmuDisplayQueueEntry (XmuDisplayQueue * q, Display * dpy);

q
specifies the queue
dpy
specifies the display to lookup

This function returns the queue entry for the specified display, or NULL if the display is not in the queue.

(q); This macro returns the number of displays in the specified queue.

Bool (XmuDisplayQueue * q, Display * dpy);

q
specifies the queue
dpy
specifies the display to remove

This function removes the specified display from the specified queue. No callbacks are performed. If the display is not found in the queue, False is returned, otherwise True is returned.

Bool (XmuDisplayQueue * q, Bool docallbacks);

q
specifies the queue to destroy
docallbacks
specifies whether close functions should be called

This function releases all memory associated with the specified queue. If docallbacks is True, then the queue's closefunc callback (if non-NULL) is first called for each display in the queue, even though () is not called on the display.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/Initer.h> and link against the libXmu library.

void (void ( *func )(XtAppContext, XPointer), XPointer data);

func
specifies the procedure to register
data
specifies private data for the procedure

This function registers a procedure, to be invoked the first time () is called on a given application context. The procedure is called with the application context and the specified data:

	(*func)(app_con, data)

void (XtAppContext app_con);

app_con
specifies the application context to initialize

This function calls each of the procedures that have been registered with (), if this is the first time the application context has been passed to XmuCallInitializers(). Otherwise, this function does nothing.

To use the functions defined in this section, you should include the header file <X11/Xmu/StdCmap.h> and link against the libXmu library.

Status (Display * dpy);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server

To create all of the appropriate standard colormaps for every visual of every screen on a given display, use ().

This function defines and retains as permanent resources all standard colormaps which are meaningful for the visuals of each screen of the display. It returns 0 on failure, non-zero on success. If the property of any standard colormap is already defined, this function will redefine it.

This function is intended to be used by window managers or a special client at the start of a session.

The standard colormaps of a screen are defined by properties associated with the screen's root window. The property names of standard colormaps are predefined, and each property name except RGB_DEFAULT_MAP may describe at most one colormap.

The standard colormaps are: RGB_BEST_MAP, RGB_RED_MAP, RGB_GREEN_MAP, RGB_BLUE_MAP, RGB_DEFAULT_MAP, and RGB_GRAY_MAP. Therefore a screen may have at most 6 standard colormap properties defined.

A standard colormap is associated with a particular visual of the screen. A screen may have multiple visuals defined, including visuals of the same class at different depths. Note that a visual id might be repeated for more than one depth, so the visual id and the depth of a visual identify the visual. The characteristics of the visual will determine which standard colormaps are meaningful under that visual, and will determine how the standard colormap is defined. Because a standard colormap is associated with a specific visual, there must be a method of determining which visuals take precedence in defining standard colormaps.

The method used here is: for the visual of greatest depth, define all standard colormaps meaningful to that visual class, according to this order of (descending) precedence: DirectColor; PseudoColor; TrueColor and GrayScale; and finally StaticColor and StaticGray.

This function allows success, on a per screen basis. For example, if a map on screen 1 fails, the maps on screen 0, created earlier, will remain. However, none on screen 1 will remain. If a map on screen 0 fails, none will remain.

See () (XmuVisualStandardColormaps) for which standard colormaps are meaningful under these classes of visuals.

Status (Display * dpy, int screen, VisualID visualid, unsigned int depth, Bool replace, Bool retain);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
screen
specifies the screen of the display
visualid
specifies the visual type
depth
specifies the visual depth
replace
specifies whether or not to replace
retain
specifies whether or not to retain

To create all of the appropriate standard colormaps for a given visual on a given screen, use ().

This function defines all appropriate standard colormap properties for the given visual. If replace is True, any previous definition will be removed. If retain is True, new properties will be retained for the duration of the server session. This function returns 0 on failure, non-zero on success. On failure, no new properties will be defined, but old ones may have been removed if replace was True.

Not all standard colormaps are meaningful to all visual classes. This routine will check and define the following properties for the following classes, provided that the size of the colormap is not too small. For DirectColor and PseudoColor: RGB_DEFAULT_MAP, RGB_BEST_MAP, RGB_RED_MAP, RGB_GREEN_MAP, RGB_BLUE_MAP, and RGB_GRAY_MAP. For TrueColor and StaticColor: RGB_BEST_MAP. For GrayScale and StaticGray: RGB_GRAY_MAP.

Status (Display * dpy, int screen, VisualID visualid, unsigned int depth, Atom property, Bool replace, Bool retain);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
screen
specifies the screen of the display
visualid
specifies the visual type
depth
specifies the visual depth
property
specifies the standard colormap property
replace
specifies whether or not to replace
retain
specifies whether or not to retain

To create a standard colormap if one does not currently exist, or replace the currently existing standard colormap, use ().

Given a screen, a visual, and a property, this function will determine the best allocation for the property under the specified visual, and determine the whether to create a new colormap or to use the default colormap of the screen.

If replace is True, any previous definition of the property will be replaced. If retain is True, the property and the colormap will be made permanent for the duration of the server session. However, pre-existing property definitions which are not replaced cannot be made permanent by a call to this function; a request to retain resources pertains to newly created resources.

This function returns 0 on failure, non-zero on success. A request to create a standard colormap upon a visual which cannot support such a map is considered a failure. An example of this would be requesting any standard colormap property on a monochrome visual, or, requesting an RGB_BEST_MAP on a display whose colormap size is 16.

Status (XVisualInfo * vinfo, Atom property, unsigned long * red_max, unsigned long * green_max, unsigned long * blue_max);

vinfo
specifies visual information for a chosen visual
property
specifies one of the standard colormap property names
red_max
returns maximum red value
green_max
returns maximum green value
blue_max
returns maximum blue value

To determine the best allocation of reds, greens, and blues in a standard colormap, use ().

() returns 0 on failure, non-zero on success. It is assumed that the visual is appropriate for the colormap property.

XStandardColormap (Display * dpy, int screen, VisualID visualid, unsigned int depth, Atom property, Colormap cmap, unsigned long red_max, unsigned long green_max, unsigned long blue_max);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
screen
specifies the screen of the display
visualid
specifies the visual type
depth
specifies the visual depth
property
specifies the standard colormap property
cmap
specifies the colormap ID, or None
red_max
specifies the red allocation
green_max
specifies the green allocation
blue_max
specifies the blue allocation

To create any one standard colormap, use ().

This function creates a standard colormap for the given screen, visualid, and visual depth, with the given red, green, and blue maximum values, with the given standard property name. Upon success, it returns a pointer to an () structure which describes the newly created colormap. Upon failure, it returns NULL. If cmap is the default colormap of the screen, the standard colormap will be defined on the default colormap; otherwise a new colormap is created.

Resources created by this function are not made permanent; that is the caller's responsibility.

Status (Display * dpy, XStandardColormap * colormap);

dpy
specifies the connection under which the map is created
colormap
specifies the map to be created

To create any one colormap which is described by an XStandardColormap structure, use ().

This function returns 0 on failure, and non-zero on success. The base_pixel of the colormap is set on success. Resources created by this function are not made permanent. No argument error checking is provided; use at your own risk.

All colormaps are created with read-only allocations, with the exception of read-only allocations of colors which fail to return the expected pixel value, and these are individually defined as read/write allocations. This is done so that all the cells defined in the colormap are contiguous, for use in image processing. This typically happens with White and Black in the default map.

Colormaps of static visuals are considered to be successfully created if the map of the static visual matches the definition given in the standard colormap structure.

void (Display * dpy, Screen * screen, Atom property);

dpy
specifies the connection to the X server
screen
specifies the screen of the display
property
specifies the standard colormap property

To remove any standard colormap property, use (). This function will remove the specified property from the specified screen, releasing any resources used by the colormap(s) of the property, if possible.

The functions defined in this section are for building a description of the structure of and resources associated with a hierarchy of widget classes. This package is typically used by applications that wish to manipulate the widget set itself.

The definitions needed to use these interfaces are in the header file <X11/Xmu/WidgetNode.h> . To call these functions, you need to link against the libXmu library. The following function must be called before any of the others described below: void (XmuWidgetNode * node_array, int num_nodes);

node_array
specifies a list of widget classes, in alphabetical order
num_nodes
specifies the number of widget classes in the node array

To determine the resources provided by a widget class or classes, use void (XmuWidgetNode * node, Widget toplevel, XmuWidgetNode * top_node);

node
specifies the widget class for which resources should be obtained.
toplevel
specifies the widget that should be used for creating an instance of node from which resources are extracted. This is typically the value returned by XtAppInitialize (XtAppInitialize).
top_node
specifies the ancestor of node that should be treated as the root of the widget inheritance tree (used in determining which ancestor contributed which resources).

Each widget class inherits the resources of its parent. To count the number of resources contributed by a particular widget class, use: int (XmuWidgetNode * node, XmuWidgetNode * owner_node, Bool constraints);

node
specifies the widget class whose resources are being examined.
owner_node
specifies the widget class of the ancestor of node whose contributions are being counted.
constraints
specifies whether or not to count constraint resources or normal resources.

This routine returns the number of resources contributed (or “owned”) by the specified widget class.

XmuWidgetNode (XmuWidgetNode * node_list, int num_nodes, char * name);

node_list
specifies a list of widget nodes
num_nodes
specifies the number of nodes in the list
name
specifies the name of the widget class in the node list to search for

This function returns the WidgetNode in the list that matches the given widget name or widget class name. If no match is found, it returns NULL.

To participate in the editres protocol, applications which are not based on the Athena widget set should include the header file <X11/Xmu/Editres.h> and link against the libXmu library.

To participate in the editres protocol, Xt applications which do not rely on the Athena widget set should register the editres protocol handler on each shell widget in the application, specifying an event mask of 0, nonmaskable events, and client data as NULL:

XtAddEventHandler(shell, (EventMask) 0, True, _XEditResCheckMessages, NULL);

X Version 11, Release 6 Copyright © 1989X Consortium

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the “Software”), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED “AS IS”, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE X CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Except as contained in this notice, the name of the X Consortium shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in this Software without prior written authorization from the X Consortium.

is a trademark of The Open Group.

May 10, 2019 OpenBSD 7.6